Are there any known Windows updates that commonly trigger error 0x00000bcb, and what's the typical workaround?

Yes, certain cumulative updates have been known to cause printer driver issues. A common workaround is to uninstall the problematic update. Go to 'Settings' -> 'Update & Security' -> 'View update history' -> 'Uninstall updates'. Identify the recently installed update and uninstall it. Microsoft often releases a patch to address these issues, so check for newer updates after uninstalling the problematic one.