Does the operating system affect the occurrence of 'ENOENT' errors, and how?

Yes, the operating system can affect this error. File paths are case-sensitive on Linux and macOS, while Windows is typically not. Incorrect casing can lead to 'ENOENT' on case-sensitive systems. The operating system's permissions model also plays a role; incorrect user or group permissions can cause the error if the application does not have access to the file system resources it is attempting to use.