How can you log errors effectively within an ASP.NET application running on IIS for better debugging?

Implement robust logging using a logging framework like Serilog, NLog, or the built-in .NET `ILogger`. Log exceptions, warnings, and informational messages to files, databases, or cloud services. Include relevant context (user ID, request URL, timestamp) in your log entries. Ensure your logging configuration is secure and doesn't expose sensitive data.