How can I identify the specific cause of a middleware error in my application?

Debugging middleware errors involves several steps: 1) Examine error messages for clues. 2) Use logging to trace the request's path through the middleware stack, noting the point of failure. 3) Inspect the middleware function's code for potential problems like incorrect data handling, unhandled exceptions, or dependencies that are unavailable. 4) Utilize debugging tools to step through the code and inspect variable values during execution.