How does cultural context, particularly Japanese societal norms, influence the portrayal of romance in manga?

Japanese societal norms heavily influence romance manga. The emphasis on indirect communication, subtle emotional cues, and the concept of 'reading the air' (kuuki yomu) often leads to prolonged romantic tension before direct confessions. School life is a dominant setting due to its significance in Japanese youth culture. Gender roles, while evolving, can still be traditional, with male leads often embodying protective or stoic qualities and female leads being earnest or striving. The importance of group harmony and community often means family and friends play significant roles in a couple's journey, influencing their decisions and perceptions of love.