How does the context of a Node.js process affect the likelihood of encountering an 'EPERM' error in promises?

The context significantly affects the likelihood. If Node.js is running as a regular user, it will likely encounter EPERM errors when trying to modify system files or protected directories. If running in a containerized environment (like Docker) with restricted user privileges, EPERM errors can occur for operations that would be allowed on a host system. Similarly, running as a root user or administrator bypasses most permission checks, reducing EPERM occurrences but increasing security risks.